IGCSE Biology - 2d Movement of substances into and out of cells
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New Edexcel IGCSE 9-1 4BI1 syllabus for 2017 Section 2d Movement of substances into and out of cells
2.15 Understand the processes of diffusion, osmosis and active transport by which substances move into and out of cells. 2.16 Understand how factors affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells, including the effects of surface area to volume ratio, distance, temperature and concentration gradient. 2.17 Practical: investigate diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems.
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New Edexcel IGCSE 9-1 4BI1 syllabus for 2017 Section 1b Variety of Living Things
1.2 Describe the common features shown by eukaryotic organisms: plants, animals, fungi and protoctists.
1.3 Describe the common features shown by prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria.
1.4 Understand the term pathogen and know that pathogens may include fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses. New for IGCSE 4BIO1 - More practical pages, updated design, concept checker and exam style question for each topic.
New Edexcel IGCSE 9-1 4BI1 syllabus for 2017 Section 2c Biological molecules 2.7 Identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils). 2.8 Describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large molecules made up from smaller basic units: starch and glycogen from simple sugars, protein from amino acids, and lipid from fatty acids and glycerol. 2.9 Practical: investigate food samples for the presence of glucose, starch, protein and fat. 2.10 Understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions. 2.11 Understand how temperature changes can affect enzyme function, including changes to the shape of active site. 2.12 Practical: investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in temperature. 2.13 Understand how enzyme function can be affected by changes in pH altering the active site. 2.14B Practical: investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in pH. (In orange) New for IGCSE 4BIO1 - More practical pages, updated design, concept checker and exam style question for each topic.
New Edexcel IGCSE 9-1 4BI1 syllabus for 2017 Section 2h - Transport - Humans
2.59 Describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. 2.60 Understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy. 2.61 Understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen, including shape, the absence of a nucleus and the presence of haemoglobin. 2.62 Understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen. 2.63B Understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity. 2.64B Understand how platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss and the entry of micro-organisms. 2.65 Describe the structure of the heart and how it functions. 2.66 Explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline. 2.67 Understand how factors may increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease. 2.68 Understand how the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries relate to their function. 2.69 Understand the general structure of the circulation system, including the blood vessels to and from the heart and lungs, liver and kidneys. New for IGCSE 4BIO1 - More practical pages, updated design, concept checker and exam style question for each topic.
New Edexcel IGCSE 9-1 4BI1 syllabus for 2017 Section 2e - Nutrition - Humans
2.24 Understand that a balanced diet should include
appropriate proportions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals,
water and dietary fibre.
2.25 Identify the
sources and describe the functions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fats and
oils), vitamins A, C and D, the mineral ions calcium and iron, water and
dietary fibre as components of the diet. 2.26 Understand how
energy requirements vary with activity levels, age and pregnancy.
2.27 Describe the
structure and function of the human alimentary canal, including the mouth,
oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum and ileum), large intestine
(colon and rectum) and pancreas. 2.28 Understand how
food is moved through the gut by peristalsis. 2.29 Understand the
role of digestive enzymes, including the digestion of starch to glucose by
amylase and maltase, the digestion of proteins to amino acids by proteases and
the digestion of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol by lipases.
2.30 Understand that
bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. 2.31 Understand the
role of bile in neutralising stomach acid and emulsifying lipids. 2.32 Understand how the small intestine is adapted for
absorption, including the structure of a villus. 2.33B Practical: investigate the energy content in a food sample. New for IGCSE 4BIO1 - More practical pages, updated design, concept checker and exam style question for each topic.
New Edexcel IGCSE 9-1 4BI1 syllabus for 2017 Section 2i - Excretion - Humans
•2.71 Know the excretory products of the
lungs, kidneys and skin (organs of excretion). •2.72B Understand how the kidney
carries out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation. •2.73B Describe the structure of the
urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. •2.74B Describe the structure of a
nephron, including the Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tubules,
loop of Henle and collecting duct. •2.75B Describe ultrafiltration in
the Bowman’s capsule and the composition of the glomerular filtrate. •2.76B Understand how water is
reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct. •2.77B Understand why selective
reabsorption of glucose occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule. •2.78B Describe the role of ADH in
regulating the water content of the blood. •2.79B Understand that urine
contains water, urea and ions.
New for IGCSE 4BIO1 - More practical pages, updated design, concept checker and exam style question for each topic.